Unsuccessful retrieval attempts enhance subsequent learning.
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Unsuccessful retrieval attempts enhance subsequent learning.
Taking tests enhances learning. But what happens when one cannot answer a test question-does an unsuccessful retrieval attempt impede future learning or enhance it? The authors examined this question using materials that ensured that retrieval attempts would be unsuccessful. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants were asked fictional general-knowledge questions (e.g., "What peace treaty ended the...
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Testing previously studied information enhances long-term memory, particularly when the information is successfully retrieved from memory. The authors examined the effect of unsuccessful retrieval attempts on learning. Participants in 5 experiments read an essay about vision. In the test condition, they were asked about embedded concepts before reading the passage; in the extended study conditi...
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Attempting to retrieve information from memory is an engaging cognitive activity. We predicted that people would learn more when they had spent more time attempting to retrieve. In experiments 1a and 1b, participants were shown trivia questions for 0, 5, 10, or 30 seconds and then the answer was revealed. They took a final test immediately or after 48 hours. Retrieval enhanced learning, but the...
متن کاملWhen and why do retrieval attempts enhance subsequent encoding?
Unsuccessful retrieval attempts can enhance subsequent encoding and learning. In three experiments, subjects either attempted to retrieve word pairs prior to studying them (e.g., attempting to recall tide-? before studying tide-beach) or did not attempt retrieval and retention of the studied targets was assessed on a subsequent cued recall test. Experiment 1 showed that attempting retrieval enh...
متن کاملCan Unsuccessful Tests Enhance Learning?
The testing effect is the phenomenon that testing enhances memory for previously studied content. Memory is particularly enhanced for items successfully retrieved during testing. Three experiments investigated the effects of testing before studying a time when participants were unlikely to successfully retrieve content. Participants read excerpts from an essay on vision. They were either asked ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
سال: 2009
ISSN: 1939-1285,0278-7393
DOI: 10.1037/a0015729